Mahama Ouedraogo holds a PhD in plant breeding from Texas A&M University. He served as acting Director of the Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development and Executive Secretary of the African Union Scientific Technical and Research Commission.

He is currently the head of the Science and Technology division and acting director of the department Human Resources Sciences science and Technology (HRST), of the African Union Commission. In these capacities, he oversees the implementation of various African Union decisions on Science and technology, including the Science Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa (STISA-2024); the African Space Policy and Strategy, and the Pan African University.